Italy's highest court heard arguments from three families challenging citizenship restrictions the government imposed in October 2024 and expanded dramatically in March 2025. The restrictions cut citizenship by descent to two generations and block dual citizenship for Italians abroad — affecting millions in diaspora communities, especially Americans and other naturalized citizens who had Italian ancestry. The court's chief legal advisor sided with the families, arguing citizenship is a permanent right that cannot be lost involuntarily, which could set precedent to overturn the sweeping 2025 law if the judges agree. The Constitutional Court will hear the broader citizenship law challenge in June, but a split decision between the courts could force diaspora members to sue for citizenship individually rather than use consulate application routes.