The Trump administration advanced a deal allowing Saudi Arabia to enrich uranium under a bilateral safeguards agreement that does not include the IAEA Additional Protocol—the stricter international standard the U.S. has traditionally required. This means Saudi Arabia would operate with reduced monitoring compared to standard international models, though some bilateral safeguards would still be in place. The characterization of this as happening "without safeguards" oversimplifies things, but the agreement does represent a significant departure from the U.S.'s historical approach to nuclear deals. Congress will now review the arrangement. Israel and some U.S. lawmakers have raised concerns about the reduced monitoring provisions, particularly given Saudi Arabia's past statements about potentially matching Iran's nuclear capabilities if Iran develops them.