xAI installed 59 natural gas turbines to power its Colossus 2 data center; the company claims they don't need federal air permits because the turbines are mobile, but environmental regulators and the NAACP dispute this. A July 2026 analysis found the emissions are estimated to disproportionately affect Black communities in Mississippi that already bear elevated lung-disease burden, and the company is now facing a Clean Air Act lawsuit. What's still unconfirmed: the exact baseline health rates in these communities before the turbines were installed — the reporting documents the estimated pollution impact on communities with existing lung-disease concerns, but doesn't establish the prior health baseline or compare rates across the state.