Camel populations across Africa are experiencing historically high mortality rates from extreme heat, with some regions like Sool in Somalia reporting 73% death rates over two years. The BBC study of nearly 6,000 pastoral households documents a 15% increase in deaths due to heat stress, along with reduced fertility and disease — impacts that matter because camels are essential to pastoral livelihoods across North Africa and the Horn of Africa, where 80% of Africa's camel population lives. Climate change is shifting extreme heat from rare events into sustained conditions that even animals evolved for desert survival cannot tolerate, forcing herders to lose both capital and food security.