The European Parliamentary Research Service identified VPNs as a critical loophole in age-verification systems and called for regulation — a position confirmed by multiple tech outlets. Moody's concern is legitimate: restricting VPN access to enforce age verification would severely limit privacy tools millions rely on to protect data from ISPs, advertisers, and governments. The tension is real — regulators want to verify age, privacy advocates say the enforcement method would damage the infrastructure that protects everyone's online privacy, especially in authoritarian contexts.